Class 6

Chapter 11 The Iron age civilization

Ques 1 What were the main inventions of Greek civilization?

Ans 1 The people calculated the circumference of the earth drew maps of the world and played Olympic Games.

Ques 2 Name the gods that were worshipped by the Romans?

Ans  2 Romans worshipped goddess – Vesta, Venus and gods Jupiter, Mars, Mercury and Juno.

Ques 3 Name the four Vedas?

Ans 3 The four Vedas are

1.     Rig Veda
2.       Sam Veda
3.       Yajur Veda
4.        Atharva Veda

Ques 4 Give examples to prove that Vedic Civilisation was quite advanced?

Ans 4 1) The Aryans could foretell solar and lunar eclipses.

2) They knew movement of the earth on its own axis, around the sun and movement of moon around the earth.

Ques 5 Mention the main occupations of the people of Iranian civilization?

Ans 5 Trading, Ship building, Craft – Silk weaving, pottery, metal work and gem cutting, were the main occupations of the Iranian civilization.

Ques 6 What was the political conditions of the country under Aryans?

Ans 6 1) The country under Aryans was formed of a number of small and big kingdom. Kingship was hereditary.

2) King of a small kingdom was called a Rja. A samrat or Maharja controlled a large kingdom.

3) The king was assisted by Priest, Minister, Comander of Army and Headmen of village.

4) The king consulted sabha and samiti on all important matters.

5) Kings performed Rajasuya and Ashvamedha Yajans to gain supreme power and for declaring his power over a vast country.

Ques 7 What was the condition of women in the early Vedic Period?

Ans 7 1) Women held a respectable position in the Early Vedic Period.   

2) They were educated.

3) Women like Apala and Gosha even composed hymns.

4) The participation of wife was essential in all the religious ceremonies.

5) The social evils like sati pratha child marriage were unknown in the early Vedic period.

Ques 8. Explain the Varna system. What change did it undergo during the later Vedic period?

Ans 8 The society was divided into four Varna namely –

•     Brahimns – They looked after the religious matters.
•     Kshatriyas- They protected the people from internal and external harm.
•    Vaishyas- They were the cultivators and craftsmen.
•     Shudras – They were the labourers who served the above three classes.
• 
  

The people of different varna had the freedom to intermingle, marry or change their occupation. But in later vedic period the varna system became hereditary and very rigid. No one could change the occupation or the varna.   

Ques 9 List the achievements of the Aryans in the field of science and mathematics?

Ans 9 A great progress was achieved in the field of science and Maths

Science

1  1)  The Aryans knew the use of iron. They used it for making stronger tools and weapons.

    

    2)   Craftsmen like carpenters, blacksmith and tanners were able to develop their crafts with better tools.

        3)  Aryans used axe for clearing jungles and spreading agriculture. Iron weapons like spearheads, swords and shield helped in conquering new territories.

Mathematics

1)  Mathematics also known as Ganita included arithmetic, geometry and algebra.

2)  The vedic people had the knowledge of zero. They also knew the decimal system, cube, cube root, square root, under root etc.

3)  Astronomy was the favourite subject of Aryans. The Aryans can foretell solar and lunar eclipses.

Ques 10. List the occupations of the Aryans?

Ans 10. 1) Agriculture was the main occupation of the Aryans. They grew wheat, rice Barely etc.

2) The Aryans were involved in many occupations like Pottery, weaving, Carpentry, jewellery making etc.

3) Aryans were expert traders. Trade was mainly carried on land.